Writing Topics on Finance

Writing Topics on FinanceThere are several writing topics on finance, and it is important to know how to prepare for each topic. Even if you don't do your research or write everything in a flash, the topics of finance do not have to be too hard to write. It is a good idea to get some extra practice before writing a full synthesis essay.Writing a full synthesis essay is an area where students will need to go over as many papers as possible. If you are unsure of anything, or you find yourself getting confused, take some time to see what others are doing. Ask them if they have any tips or hints to help you along the way. There are some simple mistakes that could be avoided, and you want to avoid these at all costs. Keep practicing, get some extra practice.Make sure that you gather specific information from previous write-ups and the internet. Spend a little time researching on the topic, and see what you can learn from it.The last thing you want to do is rush out and begin writing. Be p atient, and do some planning ahead.Before you begin writing the entire topic, take some time to narrow down your list of topics. Sometimes, a topic that interests you is not going to be a good choice. In some cases, you may not want to write about a certain industry. One last tip is to always try to keep it related to something you have previously written about.When writing your ideas for writing topics on finance, try to stick to your topic of interest. This is an important tip for getting the most out of your writing, since many people write about topics that are not something they feel strongly about.You should also try to write in a way that will make you unique. If you have a unique writing style, it will stand out. This will help you when your topics get critiqued later. A unique style will allow you to show that you are original, and that you have something new to offer.

Letter to Shakespeare About the Success of His Play...

Letter to Shakespeare About the Success of His Play Macbeth Dear William Shakespeare, I am writing to you from the 21st century as we have developed a new way which allows us to write letters to people in the past. I am very glad to tell you that your play, â€Å"Macbeth†, has become very successful. People admire what you have done in Macbeth. Macbeth is very relevant today for example we have women like Lady Macbeth, as well as men plotting evil crimes. Macbeth has something we call timeless themes, timeless themes are things that are written about in the past but still occur in every day life and are relevant to people now. The people of the 21st century are very fond of the characters you†¦show more content†¦Witchcraft was very popular in your time. Witches were seen as evil creatures e.g. Banquo says â€Å"The earth hath bubbles, as the water has, and these are of them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This shows that Banquo does not trust the witches and as the general public would think in your time Banquo classes the witches as rare and evil. Most people now do not believe in witchcraft but are still intrested when they read about it in your play. I was intrigued by the witches in the first scene when they started chanting because it grabbed my attention and got the play to a great start. People are now going to the cinema more than they go to the theatre as the theatre is seen as old fashioned now. However you will be pleased to know that you movie is being broadcasted on TV and cinema too. As I said before, your play uses something we call timeless themes. People of our time still enjoy reading all your plays. They love the humour of Midsummer Night’s Dream and cannot get enough of the romance of Romeo and Juliet. They enjoy these plays as they have incidents which are still relevant to us know. Personally I think the reason Macbeth is so popular is because of its successful structure. The structure is simple but very effective. I have realised that you introduced the witches in the first scene to grab the readers’ attention and to keep them interested through the whole play. The witches at the end ofShow MoreRelatedFate In Macbeth Essay992 Words   |  4 Pagesis told about their future they would expect it to be handed to them, but if any sudden obstacle crosses their path, humans decide to take fate into their own hands. In William Shakespeare’s play, The Tragedy of Macbeth, Shakespeare writes about a Scottish soldier who strives for power, and the fall of the king. When Macbeth is told the prophecy that he is going to become king he allows fate to guide and takes no action. But the king does not announce him his successor, then Macbeth and his wife actRead MoreMacbeth Literary Essay : Fair Is Foul And Foul Is Fair1297 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth Liter ary Essay: â€Å"Fair is foul and foul is fair† In the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, the characters are often mislead by the impression of reality. The quote â€Å"fair is foul and foul is fair† (Shakespeare 1.1.12), is said by the three witches. This quote is very significant, as it is an elaborate theme throughout the play. Also, the word fair means good, and foul means evil. Fair is foul and foul is fair is a theme that demonstrates how appearances often differs from reality. ThisRead MoreAnalysis of William Shakespeares Macbeth and Its Historical Background1283 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of William Shakespeares Macbeth and Its Historical Background I have recently been studying Macbeth, a well-known play by William Shakespeare. In this essay I am going to analyse the play and its historical background. I will also look at the factors that influenced Shakespeare when he was writing the play such as James I, the new king of England and Scotland, how he detested witches, and how Shakespeare manipulated that knowledge. Furthermore, I will be examiningRead MoreAct 1 And 2 Of The Play Macbeth 1323 Words   |  6 PagesIn acts 1 and 2 of the play â€Å"Macbeth† by Shakespeare, the characters Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are presented to the audience through soliloquies and dialogue between the two. Macbeth is presented as brave, ambitious and guilty in Acts 1 and 2 of the play through the way others describe him, what he says and how he internally feels, and Lady Macbeth is presented as being determined and driven. In Acts 1 and 2, Shakespeare presents Macbeth as brave by the way that others describe him. Before the entranceRead MoreBlind Ambition in Macbeth1295 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, the reasoning of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth is completely subverted and undermined by their insatiable ambition. Macbeth was at first reasonable enough to keep his ambition in check, however it eventually became to strong for even Macbeth and therefor over powered him. To the contrary, Lady Macbeth was overcome by her ambition from the very beginning. Reasoning was abandoned after the decision to kill Duncan was made. At that point we see no seriousRead More Shakespeares Macbeth - Subversion of Reason by Ambition Essay1222 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth:   Subversion of Reason by Ambition    Throughout the play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, the reasoning of the central characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, is completely subverted by their insatiable ambition.   At first, Macbeth is reasonable enough to keep his ambition under control.   However, his ambition gradually becomes stronger and eventually overpowers Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is controlled by ambition from the very beginning.   After the decision is made to kill Duncan, all rationalRead MoreThemes Of Dr Jekyll And Mr Hyde And Macbeth1322 Words   |  6 PagesMr Hyde by Robert Stevenson and Macbeth by William Shakespeare both illustrate this idea. In Stevenson’s novel, a scientist named Henry Jekyll experiments with the phenomenon of separating one’s dual nature, which unfortunately kills him because he is not able to take control of his evil side. In Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth, a Scottish general, is consumed by the desire to become king and kills many people to achieve his goal, af ter three witches tell him about his future. Through the use of conflictRead More Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Macbeth - Lady Macbeth as a Tool of Fate1176 Words   |  5 PagesLady Macbeth as a Tool of Fate  Ã‚   The play of Macbeth is all about power and greed. It is about ambition overriding inhibitions and the conscience of a good man. We know that most people consider Macbeth to be a good and a brave man at the start of the book, for example King Duncan himself refers to him as â€Å"O valiant cousin, worthy gentleman!† He is admired for his skills in battle by everyone. It is hard to say what driving force underlies the events of the story, and it is equally hard toRead MoreHow Does Shakespeare Present the Characters Macbeth and Lady Macbeth?1834 Words   |  8 PagesHow does Shakespeare present the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in Act 1? Macbeth is a dramatic play which tells the story of the downfall of a ‘Nobleman’ who becomes a ‘tyrant’. In Act one Shakespeare introduces the characters Macbeth and Lady Macbeth using a range of dramatic devices. At the start of the play Macbeth is introduced from two different perspectives. He is firstly introduced by the three witches whom are discussing a meeting with him ‘There to meet with Macbeth’. This sceneRead MoreEssay about Macbeth by William Shakespeare1466 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth by William Shakespeare As part of my GCSE English Macbeth coursework, I had to analyse how Lady Macbeth persuaded Macbeth to murder Duncan, with a detailed reference to Act 1 Scenes 5, 6 and 7 and Act II scene 1. Also, I needed to consider the events and themes of the play so far, the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth and the nature of their relationship. At the beginning of Act 1 scene 5, Lady Macbeth is alone on stage with a letter, a letter from

Financial Plan

Question: Income Statement Proforma Operating Section: Revenue From the sale of goods or services. Expenses Incurred in selling the goods or providing the services. Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) / Cost of Sales In general revenues less expenses. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Depreciation / Amortization Research Development (RD) Expenses Expenses incurred in research and development. Non-Operating Section: Other Revenues or Gains Income from activities other than primary business activities (e.g. rent or income from patents). Other Expenses or Losses These are expenses that are not incurred in relation to the primary business operations (e.g. foreign exchange loss). Finance Costs Costs of borrowing from banks and other creditors (e.g. interest expenses, bank charges). Income Tax Expense Sum of the amount of tax payable to tax authorities in the current reporting period. Irregular Items These are reported separately because this way users can better predict future cash flows; irregular items most likely will not recur. These are reported net of taxes. Answer: Financial Plan This is a financial report discussing about the funding and the arrangement of fund details for the innovative project idea discussed earlier. The idea is to set up technology business by building a platform for the registered users to buy and sell their second hand electronic goods and devices. Every registered user is provided services to use the platform for one year and the charges that are assumed are at 100 AED per registration with an annual escalation in price assumed at 5%. It is assumed that the development of this advanced platform and bringing it live would take a development period of 12 months i.e., 1 year. The sources of the project cost estimates are assumed in the ratio of 75% to 25% for debt to equity. An interest rate of 10% is assumed on the debt raised and is assumed to be repaid in 3 years after 1 year of successful implementation. The operating budget as per given proforma has been developed as shown below but is made on a quarterly basis. From the 2nd year the projections or budgeted estimates may be observed from the income statement as shown below as per proforma given. For revenues, no of registrations during that year are assumed and multiplied with the registration fee is considered as the operating revenue. The other source of income is assumed to be from the patenting rights obtained on the second hand products technology platform which is assumed as a minimum percentage of sales (Pinson, 2008; Greene, 2008). The interest and preliminary expenses during development period are capitalized under project cost. The details are as below: Project Cost Sources of Funds Particulars in AED Web Space 10000 Office Space 120000 IT Infrastructure - - Computer/ Laptops 48000 -S/w purchases 24000 -Server room requisites 10000 Development Cost 80000 Preliminary Expenses Patent rights 14600 Contingencies 14600 IDC 40000 TOTAL COST 361200 Sources of Funds Equity 90300 Debt 270900 TOTAL SOURCES 361200 Thus it is assumed that the initial equity to the tune of 90300 AED should be available to develop the project raising balance 0.28 million AED from external financial institutions or banks. The operating budget made and the sources and uses of cash are as shown below during the construction phase: OPERATING BUDGET Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 2 Year 2 Year 2 Year 2 Particulars Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Opening Cash 0 2500 5000 7500 10000 -365323 -740645 -1115968 Sources of Funds Equity 209213 161673 158943 153483 - - - - Debt 627638 485018 476828 460448 - - - - Operating Revenues - - - - 472500 472500 472500 472500 Non-Operating Revenues 2500 2500 2500 2500 9450 9450 9450 9450 Total sources of funds 839351 649191 638271 616431 481950 481950 481950 481950 Infrastructure procurement costs 212000 - - - - - - - Development phasing 20% 40% 30% 10% - - - - Development Other costs 21840 43680 32760 10920 - - - - Operating Expenses - - - - 47250 47250 47250 47250 Non-operating expenses incl. taxes 603011 603011 603011 603011 810023 810023 810023 810023 Total Uses 836851 646691 635771 613931 857273 857273 857273 857273 Net Cash 2500 2500 2500 2500 -375323 -375323 -375323 -375323 Closing Cash Balance 2500 5000 7500 10000 -365323 -740645 -1115968 -1491290 The income statement following the development year 1 for next 3 years is as below: Income Statement Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Operating Revenues No of Registrations # no 0 18000 60000 100000 Registration fee in AED 100 105.00 110.25 115.76 Total operating revenues 0 1890000 6615000 11576250 Operation Expenses Cost of Sales 0 189000 661500 1157625 Operating Profit 0 1701000 5953500 10418625 Non-operating Revenues Revenues from patent in AED 10000 37800 132300 231525 Total non-operating revenues 10000 37800 132300 231525 Non-operating Expenses Salaries Manpower Expense 1980000 2079000 2182950 2292098 Web space renewal expense 5000 5000 5000 Office Rent expense 120000 126000 132300 138915 Office Maintenance expenses 15000 15750 16538 17364 Total Selling, Admin Gen Expenses 2115000 2220750 2331788 2448377 R D Expenses 283500 992250 1736438 2062020 Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation EBITDA -2105000 -481950 3754013 8201773 Interest Expense 13545 27090 22575 13545 Depreciation/ Amortization 8200 8200 8200 8200 Profit before taxes PBT -2126745 -517240 3723238 8180028 Taxes -638023.5 -155172 1116971 2454008 Profit After Taxes PAT -1488722 -362068 2606266 5726020 Add: Depreciation/ Amortization 8200 8200 8200 8200 Cash Profit -1480522 -353868 2614466 5734220 Cumulative Cash Balance -1480522 -1834390 780077 6514296 From the table it is clear that the company will be cash rich from the very first year of operations recovering all the losses made during year 1 and year of development assuming the above sales being generated. The cash available with the company with our idea implementation would be to the tune of 0.78 million AED by the end of year 3 which is projected to reach 6.52 million AED by end of year 4. Thus the proposal which indeed is a high capital intensive project, but is feasible to recover them within a year of implementation and the project is innovative in its nature facilitating the customers to sell or buy any second hand electronic good. References Greene, C. L. (2008). Entrepreneurship: Ideas in Action. Cengage Learning. Pinson, L. (2008). Anatomy of a Business Plan: A Step-by-step Guide to Building the Business and Securing Your Company's Future. Aka associates.

My Fair Lady Essays - My Fair Lady, Tony Award For Best Musical

My Fair Lady My Fair Lady is a musical comedy written by Bernard Shaw, which is set in England. The story is about Elisa, who spoke very bad English, with a cockney accent, but she wanted to learn how to speak better English, so she went to a phonetics' teacher, Higgins. Elisa was very poor, so she didn't have the money to pay for the lessons. Then Higgins made a bet with Pickering, another phonetics' teacher, that he could pass Elisa of as a duchess. Then after two months they had to put her on proof. She did great. But they didn't give her any credit for her work, only for Higgins' work. So she went out of Higgins' house. But Higgins' missed her. Later Elisa returned and they stayed together. I think the actors are very good. And Audrey Hepburn as Elisa and Rex Harrison as Higgins were perfect. Stanley Holloway as Pickering was very good too. I learnt that you needn't speak perfectly to be a better person. I would recommend this film to people who like musical, because there's too much singing in the film.

Developing Good Work Ethics Essays

Developing Good Work Ethics Essays Developing Good Work Ethics Paper Developing Good Work Ethics Paper As a social actively Its purpose Is the preservation of society. Work therefore has moral and legal implications. Work is a legitimate use of our mental and bodily powers for economic gain or profit 1 . Work is the use or application of our physical powers to accomplish certain tasks. It is the use because nobody can own another mans body, nor can anyone sell his body or any part of it, for purposes of material advantage or gain. . Work is the repose of obtaining economic gain for the power. It belongs to the essence of work that it can be compensated. The Meaning of Work in the Holy Bible From the biblical point of view, God is seen as the author of work and he also blessed and sanctioned work. Old Testament God did not Just create man, He was also the author of work. In Genesis chapter 1, He creates pattern for us to follow He created the world for SIX days and rested on the seventh day. The reason for this respite Is for man to appreciate the value and meaning of work. New Testament The meaning of work could be understood from the mystery of Gods reincarnation. When Christ became man, humanity was blessed and sanctified, including human work. Seen from this perspective, work therefore is not a drudgery, not even a curse, but an activity that has been sanctified, then it must also sanctify the worker. The Theological Meaning of Work According to SST. Thomas Aquinas SST. Thomas Aquinas enumerates four purposes of work In his treatise entitled Summary Theological 1 . It provides for ones day livelihood. 2. It prevents Idleness which Is the source of many evils. . It curbs the rebellious flesh. 4. It enables man to give alms from his material surplus. The Human Perspective of Work . Practice the Golden Rule. 2. Guard your mouth. 3. Stop the green Jokes. 4. Practice ethical behavior. 5. Learn to forgive. 6. Be generous. 7. Respect superiors and co-workers. 8. Be considerate. 9. Perform your work and fulfill your duties to the best of your ability. 10. B ea grateful person. 11. Do not bring the problems at your home to your workplace. (vice versa) 12. Be an inspiration to others. 13. Read the bible every day. 14. Develop a personal relationship with God. 5. Smile and enjoy work. (remember: work has been sanctified, it must also sanctify you) Basic Duties of Employers 1 . Respect the dignity of the worker 2. Appreciate their work. 3. Never treat them as a slave for making money. 4. Never assign them beyond their strength, do not employ them in work not suited to their age or gender. 5. Give them commensurate or fare wages. 6. Provide for their health and social recreation. 7. Provide them time for the practice of their religion. 8. Instruct them how to use their money wisely. 9. Instruct them to love their family. 10. Provide them opportunities for promotion. Basic Duties of Worker 1 . Work honestly and comply with all agreements. 2. Never injure capital, nor steal from the employer. . Never outrage the person of the employer. 4. Never employ deceit nor violence in presenting a cause. 5. Never consult with agitators or men with evil principle. CHAPTER 15 Equal Employment Opportunities and Affirmation Action EQUAL JOB OPPORTUNITY- Is a labor policy that prohibits business from discriminating against otherwise-qualified people with disabilities. JOB on the basis of personal merit but on the basis of partiality or bias. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION Involves policies to increase opportunities for ethnic minorities by favoring them in hiring and promotion, college admissions, and the awarding of government entrants. What is employment discrimination? Employment discrimination is a form of discrimination based on race, sex, religion, national origin, physical disability, and age by employers. Earnings differentials or occupational differentiation is not in and of itself evidence of employment discrimination. Discrimination can be intended and involve disparate treatment of a group or be unintended, yet create disparate impact for a group. 179. What are the factors to consider? Soon and Palm-Angles (1997) think that it really depends on several factors, such as the following: Who his competitors are What abilities his competitors have How interviewers see him How he performed during the exams and interviews 180. Is it easy to detect discrimination in the workplace? The truth is that it is not easy to detect whether or not there is discrimination in the workplace. Spotting employment discrimination is a big headache because it is generally hard to know whether specific individuals were actually discriminated against. 181 . What are the elements of Job discrimination? It may be of help if we are to identify some elements or factors that somehow constitute Job discrimination (Velazquez, 1998), and I enumerate here as follows: 1) When a Judgment, decision, or treatment (not based on personal merit such as seniority, performance rating, or other qualifications) is intended against anyone of the workers and his/ her particular group (2) When a Judgment, decision, or treatment springs from prejudice or bias, from false stereotypes, or from other ways of unfair attitude aimed at a particular group to which the worker belongs (3) When a Judgment, decision, or treatment is disadvantageous, pejorative or simply harmful to the worker, perhaps costing his/ her Job, promotion, or pay raise 182. How do you know whether those elements apply to our earlier example? Most likely, racial discrimination was a shadow behind the promotion or a better pay if the following three elements are present: (1) Was the discussion of management to bypass the Filipino assistant manager in favor of the French assistant manager based on personal merits such as seniority, performance rating or other qualifications? Or the criterion to promote the French assistant manager has nothing to do with merits, qualifications, and credentials? (2) Did the decision spring from false stereotypes such as the French are more competent, aggressive, or trustworthy Han Filipinos, Asians in general, and other ethnic groups? The presence of this element may be hard to prove. (3) Was the decision disadvantageous to the Filipino assistant manager in terms of a promotion or a better pay? 183. Is there discrimination against women in the workplace? In the Philippine setting, it looks like there is still some kind of Job discrimination The major challenge women have to confront relates to the fact they are the ones who biologically bear children and carry most of the burden of rearing and caring for them. Employers are equally afraid they must provide childcare support by setting up a Hillsdale facility at or near the workplace and other unending benefits for women. Almost always, HER managers are inclined to distinguish between a career woman and a mother, with the latter usually discriminated against in favor of the former. 184. What are the stereotypes against women? Job recruitment and interviews are discriminatory if the recruiter or interviewer routinely disqualifies women by relying on sexual stereotypes. These stereotypes may include some presumptions: There are fields of occupation, which are traditionally suitable for women because of their sensitive, vulnerable, and fragile nature. There are types of work, which may not be fitting to women due to their biological condition like monthly period. The inability of women to cope up with certain Job requirements since their common gender personality and aptitude traits make them unsuitable for those Jobs. Such generalizations about women are not only biased or prejudicial but also UNTRUE. 185. What is the lesson learned from the 1997 film 6. 1. Jane? The movie 6. 1. Jane, starring Deem Moore, demonstrates the active presence of a determined woman in the toughest military facilities of the US Navy Seals. Veritably, mimes have changed. In the real world-not by pure chance, luck, or accident-women have become heads of state in Israel, Pakistan, India, Nicaragua, Ireland, Finland, Great Britain, New Zealand and other nations. 186. How is discrimination related to right to life ? It is unethical and socially irresponsible for any employer to dismiss or discharge an employee merely on account of his/her marital status. Hiring, firing, promotion, or demotion must be subject to an objective, unbiased and fair criteria. Workers ought to be treated equally on the basis of individual merit and not on the ground of sexual orientation or marital status. 187. What are ethical principles involved in Job discrimination? Discrimination in the workplace is wrong and socially irresponsible because of the following reasons: 1) Discrimination in hiring is a disservice in the long run. To hire the best and the smartest it is wiser to select somebody whose talents and personality traits quality him/her as the most competent for the Job. If you so hire and appoint someone on the basis of other criteria unrelated to competency, then subsequent Job performance necessarily declines and productivity goes down. Thats one pragmatic argument against employment Discrimination. 2) It is actually double Jeopardy. Both the object and the subject of discrimination turn out to be the loser. The company could have possibly hired the worker discriminated against, the one who might turn out to be the best and most suited for the Job. But because it was biased, the company did not pick up the best possible applicant, suffered a disadvantage and got no blessing. Ethics. To discriminate is not the right thing to do. Each person has a fundamental right to be treated as a free and thinking individual and all other individual including employers) have a correlative moral duty to treat him/her as such. 4)when business discriminates, it consciously or unconsciously affirms that one group is inferior or subordinate to another group, that people from the province are less qualified than city residents, or UP and La Sale graduates are better than CRU or PUP graduates, that women are less capable than men, that French employees are better that Filipinos. Such regarding stereotypes undermine the self-esteem of those groups against whom the stereotypes are directed and thereby violate their fundamental right to be treated as equals. Discriminatory practices are not consistent with ethical management which upholds that all are equal in essence and dignity and that all men and women have the same basic rights and duties. Everyone is created equal in essence and dignity, in spite of the race or color, religion, sex, party affiliation, or business connections (Velasquez, 1998). 188. What is the best practice of shell in terms of diversity standard? Creating an inclusive environment that elicits the very best from its employees is fundamental to shells success. Therefore, the oil company is committed to manage diversity as a radical business activity. It values the broad range of cultural and personal differences that exists in the company. The company is benchmarking CARS on diversity and inclusiveness. Shell dedicated to respect each employees need to balance work and personal demands, and provide equal opportunity for everyone to compete through well-understood and consistently applied employment and performance standards. Thus, the company provides means for employees to share, networking, learning, self-development and communication. Royal Dutch/shell group(2002) reports that shell companies across the globe promotes a culture in which all shell employees, contractors, and Joint ventures share his commitment for diversity. In order to underpin this commitment, every shell company must assure that it: Has a systemic approach to diversity management addressing each of the elements of the group Diversity Framework; Actively supports attraction, development, retention, and promotion of diverse talents; Promotes a workplace free from harassment and discrimination; Establish annual diversity plans, goals and targets for improvement; measures, appraises and reports business performance; Includes diversity performance in the appraisal and development plans of leaders ND employees; Provides safe and effective ways for employees to report observed behavioral inconsistencies with this standard. Chapter 16: Against Conceptualization Is Conceptualization Socially Responsible? What is labor conceptualization? Is the replacing of regular workers with temporary workers who receive lower wages with no or less benefits. These temporary workers are also known as sometimes called contractual, trainees, apprentices, helpers, casuals, piece raters, agency-hired, and project employees, among others. They do the work of regular workers for a specified and limited period of time, usually less than six months. The work they do is desirable and necessary for the companys survival, but they never become regular employees even if they get rehired repeatedly under new contracts. The general public is sounding the alarm on the steady growth of both unemployment and underemployment. The concrete situation of millions of sales ladies in our department stores and giant malls, some factory workers, house helpers, carpenters, gasoline boys, workers in the barber shops and parlors, whose jobs are permanently temporary, simply because they are contractual. They have no stable Jobs, no ASS, no medical insurance, no security of tenure?not to mention the 6 million Overseas Filipino Workers who are employed on a contract-to- contract basis, more than 70 percent of whom are domestic helpers and entertainers stationed in four corners of the globe. The new millennium, tagged by management guru Peter F. Trucker as the century of knowledge society, is witnessing the sudden increase of part-time Jobs even among our professionals. This is happening in spite of the fact that the Filipino labor force in general is globally recognized as technically proficient, highly educated, almost always over skilled, let alone our competitive advantage in the English language. Filipino workers are prioritize among Asians by many international companies. Is contractual labor part and parcel of the big economic landscape? Contractual labor is and has been there as part and parcel of the big economic picture?in agribusiness, sweatshops, construction, and retail business. Nevertheless, the fact that it has been with us for a long time does not make it correct. At any fast food chain you and your kids happen to drop by and eat, it is very probable that only a few of the uniformed crew (18-24 years old) who are on duty will become casual, probe, or regular employees. One thing is sure for those crew embers, the rest of them are out of work before the sixth-month deadline imposed by Labor Code. Even oversupplied nurses are now contractual laborers. From there, some have to renew their contracts while others have to look for another job, usually in another fasted or gasoline station or hospital, and the vicious cycle of conceptualization continues without ceasing. The conceptualization of labor is a business strategy or practice, validated to be cost effective. What could be the raisin d ©tree why Article 23 was included in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that says, Everyone has the right to work, to free choice f employment, to Just and favorable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment? The basic foundation for full employment is the 1987 Philippine Constitution protecting the right to full employment in the following provision: Article 13, Section 3, The State shall afford full protection to labor, local and overseas, organized and unrealized, and promote full employment and equality of employment opportunities for all. From here, we can safely assume that both able and disabled bodies have the natural right to earn a living by a meaningful occupation, a Job worthy of the free and hinging person. This basic human right to work and earn a legitimate means of livelihood entails a solemn duty on the part of private business sector and the government to provide ample opportunities for adequate work and full employment. Jobs are not enough. It should be adequate and full?regardless of how beautifully some pundits explain various theories of underemployment. Why is it a choice between underemployment and unemployment? Underemployment refers to an employment situation that is insufficient in some important way for the worker, relative to a standard. Examples include holding a part-time Job despite desiring full-time work, and over qualification, where the employee has education, experience, or skills beyond the requirements of the Job. Unemployment (or Joblessness) occurs when people are without work and actively seeking work In the technical sense, conceptualization is a form of underemployment. The right to adequate work and full employment is essential to all men and women of legal age, as swimming is essential to a fish and flying to a bird (well, most birds). This basic right springs from our intrinsic nature to self-preservation and our innate obligation o support our family, both of which are in accordance with the divine plan. Although underemployment (conceptualization and part-time Jobs) continues to exist in many various ways, there are no reasons adequate enough to Justify it. The key principle is that full employment is a fundamental right of every citizen, which means the right to be protected from unemployment and underemployment is basic. The harsh reality, however, appears to contradict this idealism embodied in our In most cases, on the part of the Jobsharers, who are almost always breadwinners, it is a choice between Joblessness and underemployment, a quick option between anger and at-least-theres-hope-for-survival. Is conceptualization a scheme for profit minimization? Ever since the Philippines Jumped into the GATE-WTFO bandwagon, times have been especially difficult for labor. The name of the game is cheap labor. In order to attract foreign investors?aspiring to be competitive as they say with our Asian neighbors? we have to provide the cheapest labor possible. And this cheap labor comes through conceptualization of Jobs and services. It appears that conceptualization is a scheme that allows capitalists to replace their workforce with ease according to market demands. This translates to minimization of profits for the company, but for the laborers, this system denies them the security and benefits of a regular Job while being paid very low wages. Conceptualization has become the main form of labor in many Philippine businesses, a good reason why there are hardly any labor unions in the country or why most workers are not organized in the new millennium. Contractual workers cannot afford to Join unions because they are at the mercy of their employers. Many laws protecting workers protect only regular employment. Ethics and Professional Codes of Conduct The era of globalization has created a need for a specialized skills and knowledge. 1 . Skills is the ability to do something well. 2. Knowledge skill that acquire during your education and experience. The reason for the globalization is known as full automation. This situation bring the word profession, professional and professionalism exist in the corporate world. 1 . Profession a type of Job that requires a special education, training or skill. 2. Professional -relating to a Job that requires special education, training, or skill done or given by a person who works in a particular profession paid to participate in a port or activity 3. Professionalism the competence or skill expected of a professional. Members of profession are required by their association to follow their particular rules or guidelines known to be Professional codes of conduct. These guidelines prescribe responsibilities that members must adhere to and situations in which they must not involved. In some cases, members must be sanctioned for violation of the code. These sanction may include the following : Payment of a fine Payment of a cost of any investigation Reprimand Imposition of condition on membership Suspension from membership Sometimes ,the law silent or absent in some areas of our human conduct. The law does not say anything about this human conduct and its regulation. In the absence of law, some people tend to make their own professional codes of conduct. However, professional codes of conduct are limited only to some specific professions and cannot be entirely regulated and imposed to all while Ethics is universal and applicable to all.

Joirnal Summary on Risk of Poverty Research Paper

Joirnal Summary on Risk of Poverty - Research Paper Example The ability to overcome poverty then becomes linked to trends and complexities that occur within the household and which link to patterns in the economic cycle. The author’s show that combinations of domestic violence, social environment, the mother’s schooling and other family influences are prevalent in the poverty which has occurred. The first association which is made with the article is the sociodemographic factors that are a part of the study. The social implications are based on the Latin American basis that each holds. Sixteen countries are studied to offer a wide variety of individuals and diverse numbers of families. The main demographics are then defined by differences in ethnicity of those living in poverty as well as the location which is associated with this. The article further explains the study through the examination of the family household and the dependent variables which may contribute to poverty. Education, dynamics of the family and social relatio nships that take place within the household are all examined for a deeper understanding of poverty. The main ideology which is found is that domestic violence and ethnicity are the two factors which continue to relate to the cycle of poverty and the association which many have in terms of the inequalities which take place. However, the study also notes secondary factors which cause the prevalence of poverty to continue among children. The risk of poverty that contributes to the article is based on the understanding of the cycle of poverty. This states that there is an intergenerational influence that occurs when one is in poverty. If the parents are in poverty, then children are more likely to fall under the same economic conditions. The risk is furthered with specific factors that are studied in the survey of the article. The risks that are examined include family factors, schooling and health. The risk of poverty was furthered with types of family dynamics, such as the number of c hildren in the household, association with the parental education and the dynamics that occurred socially. The study also showed a direct relationship to where one lived in Latin America. For instance, one living in Peru would be more likely to complete a secondary education than in Puray. This was further linked to the amount of education the mother and father received, number of siblings, gender, migration and household income. The less schooling in the family, the more siblings and the lower the household income also led to higher amounts of risk of poverty for the children in the household. Not only does the article look at the various factors for the risk of poverty but also considers how the discrimination factors lead to layers of poverty. Low – income poverty and other marginal factors are considered and relate to the dynamics of the family and sociodemographic factors of the household. By looking at this concept, there is the ability to see if there is a direct relat ionship between the demographics, social factors and the amount of income which one receives. It is found that there is a direct division based on the demographics in the household and the social and economic environments that are a part of the household. The changes in economy then create a direct link with the family factors that are noted in the household. It is

Kant's Ethics (essay) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kant's Ethics ( ) - Essay Example But Kant postulated that a person's ethics, his course of action was guided by duty. He argued that a person may misapprehend a situation if he were acting out reason alone and that if he were acting out of experience only then it would be prejudiced if not supported with a proper reason. (Sullivan, 1994) Kant devised a singular moral obligation or categorical imperative which in turn is borne out of duty to explain his postulates. An imperative is a command that forces a person to exercise his will. A hypothetical imperative is a conditional command, that is, a person might be doing something to achieve some desired end. His actions are therefore conditional. Kant argued that morality required an unconditional assertion of a man's duty and hence postulated that reason decrees an unconditional or categorical imperative. The three formulations of Categorical Imperative are What the first formulation achieves to prove is that any deed cannot be moral if it is committed keeping an end result in mind. To establish a good deed the action has to be carried out without keeping the end result in mind. So to act in any situation one must exercise his will in the way he expects others to. The second formulation says that when faced with a moral situation one must think what others would not do in a similar situation. So if naturally no one does it, one must not do the same. The third formulation summarizes the whole of the Kantian moral philosophy by explaining that an act should be conducted under rationality. A rational will can exercise his will morally simply because the person can act without attaching any conditional worth to his actions. (Teale, 1951) He treats humanity not merely as means to an end but the end only. That is he commits an act out of a sense of duty rather than trying to achieve some other hidden propaganda through this deed. Thus he was able to prove that adherence to Categorical Imperatives ensures autonomous ethical choice because rational will is always autonomous and Kant puts rational will at the core of his postulates. This was based on Kant's own arguments for autonomy of the will against heteronomy of the will. He came to the conclusion that when a person acts out of his reasoning as opposed to some external law or command his actions would be more moral. Though the arguments seem plausible one cannot discount the fact that the autonomous will of a person may inherently be negative. What if the will of a person and others around him are also corrupted What can then act as an impulse for the actions of that person Kant seems to; as did Rousseau, believe in the basic goodness of humans. What moral code guides the acts of terrorism as it manifests itself in today's world The killing of innocent lives may be immoral to the larger section of the society but for the terrorists committing these acts may well be borne out of a sense of duty. (Sullivan, 1994) Kant himself answers this question. He argues that a rational will cannot act "except under the idea" of its own freedom. He says that there is no basis for